The Uncertainty of Keeping the Door Open for Black Head Coaches - NYTimes.com: When Al Davis hired Art Shell as the head coach of the Los Angeles Raiders in 1989, Clarence Shelmon was a 37-year-old running backs coach at the University of Southern California.
Shell became the first African-American head coach in the modern N.F.L. For Shelmon, now the offensive coordinator for the San Diego Chargers, Shell’s hiring opened up possibilities he had dreamed of but never seriously imagined while growing up in Bossier City, La., in the 1950s.
For many aspiring African-American coaches, becoming a head coach in the N.F.L. seemed an insurmountable mountain.